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equipment:oven [2025/01/26 08:23] – Add Oven Info solarequipment:oven [2025/01/28 03:12] (current) – tys-user
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 In a perfect world, everyone would use a well-calibrated lab oven capable of reaching temperatures up to 350C. However, a variety of equipment can be used for 3D printing purposes, even as simple as a 55C filament drier. In a perfect world, everyone would use a well-calibrated lab oven capable of reaching temperatures up to 350C. However, a variety of equipment can be used for 3D printing purposes, even as simple as a 55C filament drier.
  
-==== Common Tasks & Capabilities ====+In this space, "ovens" are usually pressed into service to dry filament (typically 55-80C) and anneal semicrystalline plastics (typically 120-180C). More advanced filaments may require temperatures even beyond these two.
  
-Ovens can be used for filament drying, which means they need to get to 55-90c+===== Caution =====
  
-Ovens can be used for annealing, which means they need to get to 120-200c+Just because a piece of equipment has a temperature gauge does not mean that the chamber within that equipment is perfectly evenly heated to that temperature, nor does it mean that the temperature of the filament/plastic/parts within that chamber will be evenly heated up to and not beyond that temperature.
  
-Ovens can be used for turning your filament into a melted mess, which can happen up to 400c or even as low as 230.3c+Oven temperature gauges may indicate the temperature of the air entering the chamber, may be roughly estimating the temperature in the chamber, or may be hiding significant hysteresis (continual temperature overshoot/undershoot). Further consideration must be made for "hot-spots" within any oven - rarely does an oven heat evenly internally, especially after placing (large) objects inside. Finally, special attention must be paid to infrared heating of components exposed to heating elements, which can cause the objects to heat far beyond the temperature of the air in the oven.
  
-==== Types of Ovens ====+===== Types of Ovens =====
  
-There are a few different types of ovens commonly used in 3D printing for drying, annealing, remelting, and more, each with their own advantages and disadvantages. +==== Filament Dryers ====
- +
-== Filament Dryers ==+
 Off-the-shelf, purpose-built filament dryers are generally only really useful for low-temperature materials (PLA, TPU, etc.). There are a few exceptions, such as Sunlu's E2 dryer, but most are effectively overpriced food dehydrators. Off-the-shelf, purpose-built filament dryers are generally only really useful for low-temperature materials (PLA, TPU, etc.). There are a few exceptions, such as Sunlu's E2 dryer, but most are effectively overpriced food dehydrators.
 Many of these options don't fully reach their advertised maximum temperatures and/or don't have sufficient airflow internally to be effectively remove moisture from the filament.  Many of these options don't fully reach their advertised maximum temperatures and/or don't have sufficient airflow internally to be effectively remove moisture from the filament. 
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 Annealing is not an option with these dryers. Annealing is not an option with these dryers.
  
-== Air Fryers ==+==== Air Fryers ====
 An increasingly popular option for filament drying and annealing is an air fryer. Some popular models include the [[https://www.amazon.com/Ninja-AF101-Fryer-Black-gray/dp/B07FDJMC9Q/|Ninja AF101]] and [[https://www.amazon.com/Gourmia-Accessories-Multifunction-GAF716-Stainless/dp/B08R6GZ2KP/|Gourmia GAF716]]. An increasingly popular option for filament drying and annealing is an air fryer. Some popular models include the [[https://www.amazon.com/Ninja-AF101-Fryer-Black-gray/dp/B07FDJMC9Q/|Ninja AF101]] and [[https://www.amazon.com/Gourmia-Accessories-Multifunction-GAF716-Stainless/dp/B08R6GZ2KP/|Gourmia GAF716]].
 These provide a compelling balance of affordability and maximum temperature. Since they are forced convection ovens, airflow is also quite good as well. These provide a compelling balance of affordability and maximum temperature. Since they are forced convection ovens, airflow is also quite good as well.
-The main drawbacks of a stock air fryer are usually the preprogrammed "cooking" profiles having short maximum durations with no option for full manual control.+The main drawbacks of a stock air fryer are usually the preprogrammed "cooking" profiles having short maximum durations with no option for full manual control. The hysteresis of several common models can be found on [[https://www.rtings.com/air-fryer|RTings]].
  
-== Standard/Kitchen Ovens  ==+==== Standard/Kitchen Ovens  ====
 While using your standard kitchen oven for drying and/or annealing may seem logical and convenient at first glance, the downsides end up outweighing the convenience heavily. While using your standard kitchen oven for drying and/or annealing may seem logical and convenient at first glance, the downsides end up outweighing the convenience heavily.
-Most kitchen ovens are prone to having large temperature swings (sometimes +/-20C or more), as well as relative temperature inaccuracy. +Most kitchen ovens are prone to having large temperature swings (sometimes +/-20C or more), as well as significant temperature inaccuracy.
-These qualities are important to have in an oven for drying and annealing, where temperature precision is important.+
 Another concern with using a kitchen oven is contamination. Since polymers release various VOCs (volatile organic compounds) and particles when heated, it's generally not a good idea to mix that with food. Another concern with using a kitchen oven is contamination. Since polymers release various VOCs (volatile organic compounds) and particles when heated, it's generally not a good idea to mix that with food.
  
 +==== Lab Ovens ====
 +Lab ovens are the best off-the-shelf oven option for drying and annealing. They are known primarily for high temperature precision and stability.
 +A relatively affordable option for a convection lab oven would be [[https://www.amazon.com/dp/B0CYLT4BZB|this]] one from Amazon. Out of the box, temperatures can be held within +/-1C and is additionally well insulated.
 +This oven is capable of up to 300C and will run for as long as the user needs at any temperature.
 +If choosing a lab oven, cheaper ones (such as the one linked above) lack ramping/soaking programming. Instead, the user manually controls the heat-up and cooldown rates.
 +
 +===== Converting Ovens to PID Control =====
  
-== PID-Controller-Modified Air Fryers/Toaster Ovens == +The accuracy, stability, and precision of any "oven", especially basic air fryers or toaster ovens can easily be improved by utilizing a PID heater controller in place of (or alongside) the original electronics.
-A great way to increase the accuracy, stability, and controllability of a basic air fryer or toaster oven is to add a PID controller in place of the original electronics.+
 This will allow for more precise temperatures, smaller temperature swings, and also unlocks the ability to program specific heat-up and cooldown curves over time. This will allow for more precise temperatures, smaller temperature swings, and also unlocks the ability to program specific heat-up and cooldown curves over time.
-Some popular options for these projects include [[https://github.com/Saur0o0n/PIDKiln|PIDKiln]], the [[https://whizoo.com/products/convection-oven-build-kit|Controleo3]] convection oven kit, and [[https://hackaday.io/project/171619-not-just-a-reflow-oven|this project]] on Hackaday.io. 
  
 +**!!WARNING!!** Modifying an oven will almost certainly lead to working with (wiring controlling) mains voltage (like many hotbeds). If you are not comfortable with mains voltage, and/or unable to learn to be comfortable working with mains voltage, **DO NOT** choose this option. **MAINS VOLTAGE CAN AND DOES KILL PEOPLE!**
  
-== Lab Ovens == 
-Lab ovens will be the best off-the-shelf oven option for drying and annealing. They're known primarily for high temperature precision and stability. 
-A relatively affordable option for a convection lab oven would be [[https://www.amazon.com/dp/B0CYLT4BZB|this]] one from Amazon. Out of the box, it is able to hold temperatures within +/-1C and is well insulated. 
-This oven is capable of up to 300C and will run for as long as the user needs at any temperature. 
-The only real downside of cheaper lab ovens is the lack of ramping/soaking programming. Instead, the user needs to manually control the heat-up and cooldown rates. 
- 
-==== Converting Ovens to PID Control ==== 
 When replacing the stock control unit in an oven with an aftermarket PID controller, there are two main paths to consider. When replacing the stock control unit in an oven with an aftermarket PID controller, there are two main paths to consider.
  
-== Klipper/Kalico == +==== Kalico/Klipper ==== 
-Utilizing a Raspberry Pi (or similar SBC), Klipper/Kalico can be used as control software for an oven.+Utilizing a Raspberry Pi (or similar SBC), Kalico/Klipper can be used as control software for an oven.
 The chamber temperature is essentially controlled in the same manner as a standard bed heater in a 3D printer and can be programmed in various patterns and profiles. The chamber temperature is essentially controlled in the same manner as a standard bed heater in a 3D printer and can be programmed in various patterns and profiles.
  
-== PID Controller ==+==== PID Controller ====
 For a less DIY solution, there are a number of off-the-shelf PID controllers on the market that can be used on their own to add ramp/soak functionality to various oven types. For a less DIY solution, there are a number of off-the-shelf PID controllers on the market that can be used on their own to add ramp/soak functionality to various oven types.
 Some popular options are the DIN 1/16 form-factor [[https://www.auberins.com/index.php?main_page=product_info&cPath=1&products_id=4|Auber Instruments SYL-2353P]] and DIN 1/4 form-factor [[https://www.auberins.com/index.php?main_page=product_info&cPath=1&products_id=1124|Novus N3000]]. Some popular options are the DIN 1/16 form-factor [[https://www.auberins.com/index.php?main_page=product_info&cPath=1&products_id=4|Auber Instruments SYL-2353P]] and DIN 1/4 form-factor [[https://www.auberins.com/index.php?main_page=product_info&cPath=1&products_id=1124|Novus N3000]].
-The SYL-2352P is also available in a WiFi-enabled version ([[https://www.auberins.com/index.php?main_page=product_info&cPath=1&products_id=1111|AW-SYL-2352P]]) that allows for profile, settings, and program changes from a smartphone app, instead of directly on the controller itself.+Inkbird sells a complete kit with the controller, SSR, thermistor, and heatsink all in one [[https://inkbird.com/products/itc-100vh-k-sensor-ssr|here]] (though this does not support programmable ramps) 
 + 
 +==== Other Options ==== 
 + 
 +Many other projects have been created for this purpose such as [[https://github.com/Saur0o0n/PIDKiln|PIDKiln]], the [[https://whizoo.com/products/convection-oven-build-kit|Controleo3]] convection oven kit, and [[https://hackaday.io/project/171619-not-just-a-reflow-oven|this project]] on Hackaday.io.
  
equipment/oven.1737879797.txt.gz · Last modified: 2025/01/26 08:23 by solar